Milk is a good source of protein, calcium, vitamins, magnesium, casein. Its advantages are the pleasant taste, dietary features and the ability to quench thirst. However, in hygienic terms, it is not without drawbacks. In particular, milk is a beneficial environment for the development of various microorganisms, including pathogens, as a result of which it can easily become a carrier of infectious diseases. Therefore, the task was set to investigate the risks associated with the transmission of a number of dangerous zoonotic infectious diseases, in particular brucellosis and tuberculosis.
To this end, organoleptic and laboratory studies were carried out on 20 samples of unpasteurized milk purchased from private individuals in different administrative districts of the city of Yerevan.
Through organoleptic method the color, smell, taste, texture of milk was determined. Under laboratory conditions, pH, purity, density, total acidity, bacterial contamination of milk and the presence of brucellosis antibodies and causative agents of tuberculosis were detected. Milk samples were also examined for starch and soda content (milk adulteration).

Calf coronavirus (viral diarrhea) is an endemic disease that is mainly spread by maternal infectivity, cold, wet conditions and crowded housing conditions.
Feces were sampled from the rectum of 50 newborn, 3-35-day-old calves. The samples were examined by microbiological, hemagglutination and Bovine enterichek accelerated test (antibody strips) in the ANAU Research Center of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Sanitary Examination. Epidemiological data, manifestations of clinical symptoms, patho-anatomical changes, hemagglutination reaction and Bovine enterichek test were used to identify the infection of 3-35-day-old calves. Feces with mucus content from the rectum of calves with diarrhea (50 samples), internal organs (spleen, liver, etc.) and affected small intestines of fallen 3-7-day-old animals (3 heads) were examined.
During epidemiological studies, an increase in body temperature (42 ⁰C), anorexia, exhaustion, depression and watery- slimy diarrhea were observed in sick calves. Clots were found on the walls of the arteries of dead animals, inflammation and hemorrages were found in the lymph nods and kidneys.
According to epidemiological, clinical symptoms, patho-anatomical changes, microbiological research, as well as hemagglutination reaction and Bovine enterichek rapid test data, both coronavirus and enterobacterial diseases were detected in animals at the same time. As a result, farmers and villagers suffered economic losses due to newborn calf falls.
The disease was diagnosed according to hemagglutination reaction, Bovine enterichek test and microbiological methods. Morbidity and mortality rates were respectively 0.1 (10 %), 0.6 (60 %), economic loss – AMD 209 400.
Based on the effectiveness of the “BolsheVac” (“БольшеВАК”) vaccine, we propose to carry out preventive vaccinations in vulnerable farms.

Throughout 121 days of winter pasture period, the animals aged 9.0-12.9 months old were grazed on without supplemental feeding.
The study was carried out in the winter pasture of Yeghegnut community, Armavir region of RA. 10 heads from Holstein and Flekvi heifers each, kept in stalls were selected for the research. During 121 days of winter grazing, female calves from 9.0 to 12.9 month-old were in the pasture from 12:00 to 17:00 and during the remaining 19 hours in the cattle shed, without additional feeding.
Absolute, average daily, relative weight gain and growth factors were determined on the basis of weighing and body part measurements at the beginning and end of winter grazing.
According to the weight growth data, the absolute weight gain of a 9.0-12.9-month-old female Holstein calf was 71.4 kg, the average daily weight gain was 610 g, the relative weight gain was 30.6 %, the growth factor was 1.4 times, compensation for 1 kg weight gainer – 5.4 energy feed units, and for the Flekvi breed – 62.6 kg, 535 g, 27 %,1.3 times, and 6.2 energy feed units, respectively.
According to the data of linear growth, the height of the body parts of the 9.0-12.9-month-old female Holstein breed increased by 3.0-3.7, width by 3.0-3.3, length by 0.9-4.3, chest depth – 3.1, breast width – 3.6, forearm width – 0.7 cm, and Flekvi – 2.3-3.2, 0.7-2.6, 0.7-6.1, 1.7, 5.5 and 1.4 cm, respectively.
Body composition indices also prove that the body structure of the 12.9-month-old female Holstein and Flekvi breeds has also developed proportionally.
Therefore, we suggest to graze 6-month-old calves and older animals of different gender and age groups in the Armavir region of RA in winter pastures.

One of the current issues of small poultry farms is the prevalence of Eimeriosis infection (especially in floor housing conditions). The research activities were conducted throughout 2021-2022 years in the small rural poultry farms of some communities at the RA Armavir and Ararat marzes.
Eimeria infection of chickens was identified on the basis of the results of laboratory tests performed throughout the year. Two species of Eimeria were detected: Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria tenella. Infected samples made up 36% of the overall examined ones. Heat and humidity are among the factors of external environment contributing to the Eimeria propagation. During the year, one or two outbreaks of epidemic nature of invasion may be recorded. The intensity of invasion in Armavir and Ararat marzes was 33 % and 39 %, respectively.
Weather conditions favor the preservation and sporulation of Eimeria oocysts in the outdoor environment, leading to spring outbreaks of infection. During the research, as a result of the monitoring carried out in the permanently insecure areas against the disease, high indicators of the extensity and intensity of the invasion were recorded from the beginning of April until the first ten days of June.
Lack of precipitation in the summer contributed to a sharp decline in the extensity and intensity of the invasion. And in the long and warm autumn, due to heat and humidity, a certain increase in the mentioned indices was registered, which, anyhow, did not lead to autumn outbreaks of the invasion.

Reproduction of farm animals is one of the main indicators determining their biological and economic value. Highly efficient reproduction promotes the increase of livestock number and improvement of animal breeding technique.
The reproductive qualities of goats depend on genetic factors and environmental conditions: age, fatness, live weight of queens, feeding level before mating and during pregnancy, daylight hours, etc.
A goal has been set to study the fertility of goats and the live weight of newborn Saanen goats, bred in the goat farm of Krashen village, in the Shirak region.
To analyze the goat fertility, 40 queens were taken into consideration depending on their lactation age, among which 47.5% were first-born, 5.0 % - second-born, 45.0 % were the third lambing and one doe was the fourth lambing.
The studies were carried out on the queens of 2-4 years. In our opinion, it is this age, that is optimal for characterizing the queens in terms of fertility, since the first mating of goats is carried out at the age of 10 months, provided that the live weight of the young is 70-75 % of the mother's weight, but not less than 30-32 kg. Such a new approach to the technological solution makes it possible to obtain one lamb more from each queen during economic use than with conventional technology.
The data obtained can be used in breeding farms for the production and sale of young animals, and the development of goat breeding in the republic.

During the research aimed at reducing the cost price of poultry feed and increasing their productivity lysofort bio-emulator and L-carnitine supplement were used. 4 groups of ROSS-308 broilers were made (100 heads each). The control group received feed portion corresponding to the nutrition value of ROSS-308 cross boiler feed, containing defined content of exchange energy (in the initial phase-3050 kcal/kg, in the growth period-3100 kcal/kg, and in the final stage-3200 kcal/kg).
In the experimental groups, the efficiency of the exchange energy was artificially reduced, mostly due to low content of vegetable oil. Feed conversion, head maintenance, live broiler chickens of different ages, growth dynamics, average daily weight growth, meat qualities of slaughtered poultry were studied in all groups.
According to the research results, compared with the control group, the indicators of feed conversion and average daily weight growth of broiler chicken fed by portions containing bio-emulator and L-carnitine were improved, which testifies to the increase in the availability of energy.
Due to the synergy of joint application of bio-emulators and L-carnitine, feed conversion is improved, production costs and cost price are reduced, the productivity of broilers is increased, as well as the profitability of poultry production (not at the cost of increasing the consumer prices) and meat quality is improved (as a result of increasing the amount of protein and reducing fat).
As an efficient and safe means to increase the profitability of poultry production, the bio-emulators and L-carnitine can be used in the feed of meat poultry.

The aim of the study was to prevent latent mastitis in cows by sanitizing the udder teats with amyloyodin solution (blue iodine). Research work on prevention of mastitis in cows was carried out during 2022 in the Balahovit teaching and experimental farm of ANAU, as well as in the laboratories of the ANAU Research Center for Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Sanitary Examination on 14 Caucasian brown cows, with seven heads in each group.
In the experimental group, the treatment of teats after milking with an interval of 12 hours was carried out by applying amyloyodin to the teats of the udder by dipping them into small plastic cups filled with a solution of blue iodine to threequarters of the dish. The teats of cows in the control group were not treated with blue iodine, but were washed with warm clean water immediately after milking. To study the microbial contamination of the cow udder, swabs were taken from the teat skin in animals of the experimental and control groups. A microbiological study of swabs indicates that after milking the number of colonies of microorganisms in the experimental and control groups is approximately the same – 139 and 143, respectively. However, the use of amyloyodin showed preventive efficacy and longer hygienic protection of the teats skin in animals, i.e. the number of colonies in the experimental group decreased after 30 minutes (from 139 to 8), and in the control group, confluent growth of colonies was observed after the same period of time.

In recent years, the use of probiotics has increased unprecedently, regardless of their origin and characteristics. In particular, the use of probiotics for nutritional and therapeutic purposes in infants and patients with a number of diseases (malignant neoplasms, diabetes, post-transplant period, etc.) needs reviews and clinical justification.
Currently, in the production of dairy products, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of intestinal origin are of particular interest, which is explained by the fact that the final target of probiotics is the intestine of an animal or a person. However, there is some skepticism about the efficacy of using human gut-derived LABs in dairy production.
LABs are widespread in nature: exist in large quantities in plant residues, soil, human and animal intestines. LABs are widely used both in health care and agriculture, as well as in fisheries and fish production.
A task was set up to study a series of biosafety indicators of yoghurts obtained from the Lpb. plantarum ZPZ, Lcb. rhamnosus str. Vahe.am, Lpb. plantarum K1-3, L. delbrueckii IAHAHI probiotic strains.
Yoghurts produced with biosafety indicators corresponding to the risk of spreading antibiotic resistance in yoghurts, heavy metals and M1 aflatoxin content, as well as to international standards for microbiological indicators were obtained from new probiotics isolated from the intestinal microbiota of children (Lpb. plantarum ZPZ, Lcb. rhamnosus str. Vahe) and dairy products (Lpb. plantarum K1-3, L. delbrueckii IAHAHI).
The results of our research prove that yoghurts obtained from lactic acid bacteria of different origins are harmless to health.

The demand for confectionery products is constantly growing, so a task has been set up to justify the use of secondary raw materials obtained from the first extract fruit and vegetable juices in the production of cupcakes. The use of fruit and vegetable powders will enable to expand the product range of flour confectionery, as well as to enrich the finished product with dietary fibers and vitamins.
Apple and parsnip pulp were subjected to primary research, and their nutritional value was determined. The chemical and vitamin indicators of the finished products were determined according to the research methods regulated by GOST. Then, comparative evaluation of the vitamin value of apple and parsnip pulps was made. According to research results, fruit and vegetable pulp is not inferior in nutritional value to the original raw material, only certain losses occur during juice extraction process. In order to obtain fruit and vegetable powders and possibly preserve their valuable components, the convectivemicrowave drying method was used, which prevents microbial spoilage and deactivation of enzymes in the pulp. After drying, the content of vitamins, chemical and mineral substances in the obtained powders was studied.
The addition of 10-15 % fruit and vegetable powders in the production recipe of cupcakes improves the physicochemical indicators of the finished product. Cupcakes made with the supplementation of fruit and vegetable powders also have a low energy value and contain a large amount of pectin substances. Therefore, we recommend using these powders in the manufacture of other products as well.

The increase of confectionery production volumes and expansion of product range are related to the development of technologies for new raw materials application and to the wide product range manufacture.
According to the conducted investigations the rose-hip can be applied as a preventive and curative raw material. Upon the development of the mathematical model for rose-hip CO₂ extraction regime parameters, the efficiency of new equipment application and extraction process has been proved.
According to the conducted experiments, the maximum yield of carotenoid pigments in the solution is ensured at a relatively lower temperature of the solution. Therefore, the task was set to identify two dependencies: the yield of CO₂-solution and the yield of the total amount of carotenoid pigments in that solution depending on the duration and temperature of the process. The optimal parameters of the dissolution process have been determined by the mathematical planning method.
As a result of the mathematical modeling of the technological process of CO₂-dissolution, it has been found out that the yield of the solution within the studied ultrasound frequencies ranges from 1.0-1.2, while the content of carotenoids in the solution is within 90-91.5 %. Moreover, it has been found out that the maximum values of the mentioned outputs are obtained at temperatures of +15...+22 ⁰C. Thus, according to the research results, sweet brier (rose hips) can be used as a preventive medicine.

Aflatoxin contamination in cereals poses a significant food safety and public health issue worldwide. Cereals, including rice, are a staple food in the diet of the Armenian population. This study aimed to assess the potential health risks associated with the exposure to aflatoxin B1 mycotoxin through rice consumption among the population of Yerevan. The daily intake of aflatoxin B1 through the rice consumption was estimated for the adult population across all administrative regions. The margin of exposure (MOE) method was used to evaluate the health risks associated with aflatoxin B1 exposure, with values less than 10000 considered a public health concern.
The results indicated that the MOE for aflatoxin B1 exposure through rice consumption among the Yerevan population was less than 10000, which indicates the public health concern. Even the amounts of aflatoxin B1 within permissible levels were found to be potentially risky for the health of the population. Moreover, the MOE method used in this study can be a useful tool for assessing the risks associated with other food contaminants and guiding the development of appropriate risk management strategies. Hence, this study emphasizes the need for ongoing monitoring of aflatoxin levels in cereals, to ensure the safety of the food supply and protect public health.