Brucellosis is endemic in Armenia. Test slaughtering is used to fight Brucellosis in large and small ruminants. Cross-contamination among the various types of animals with various types of causative agents may contribute to the permanent existence of the epizootic chain. A study is being conducted to determine whether brucellosis is present among stray dogs in Yerevan (Capital of RA). The Rose Bengal test (RBT), serum agglutination test (SAT), and indirect and competitive ELISA tests were performed on 384 blood samples from stray dogs in Yerevan. The competitive ELISA detects only specific antibodies against B. abortus, B. melitensis, and B. suis and differentiates the Brucella 19 strain. According to the diagnostic algorithm for final diagnosis, positive samples by RBT must be confirmed by two other tests. Out of 384 samples tested by RBT, 17 (4.4 %) were positive. Out of 384 samples, 11 (2.9 %) were positive by SAT, 9 samples (2.3 %) tested positive by indirect ELISA, and 16 samples (4.2 %) tested positive by competitive ELISA. We have shown the presence of Brucella spp. among stray dogs in Yerevan. It is necessary to implement additional studies among dog (particularly shepherd dogs) populations in marzes with a higher prevalence of Brucellosis. These additional results will provide an opportunity to evaluate the role of dogs in ensuring a stable epizootic chain of Brucellosis among agricultural animals. They will contribute to a strategy design for preventing the spread of disease.

The study aimed to assess 58 veterinary laboratory specialists' knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning brucellosis across all regional (Marz) and central laboratories (Reference Laboratory for Especially Dangerous Pathogens). The survey was developed to assess the knowledge of lab specialists and identify gaps in laboratory activities that may have an impact on test results. Questions covered the following topics: a) disease epidemiology, b) sample conditions, c) biosafety and biosecurity, and d) laboratory tests, requirements, and indicators. According to the results, 45 % of respondents are 51 years old or older, most (26 respondents/45 %) have six to ten years of laboratory experience, and 20 respondents (35 %) have 21 years and more experience. Eleven people (19 %) had not received professional training. At the same time, 90 % and more correct answers were given by respondents who had passed training during the last year. In the last year, a person took training but did not answer 90% of the questions correctly. Most part (86 %) of respondents were not familiar with lab test indicators (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, etc.) and 46 (79 %) were unaware of screening and confirmation tests requirements. Only 55 % (32 people) knew that one serological test was insufficient to make a final diagnosis, but 24 (75 %) of those respondents could not justify that. This study shows that it is necessary to review the current mechanisms for the preparation of laboratory specialists. This will indirectly impact an accurate assessment of the epidemiological situation of brucellosis in Armenia.

Pig breeding is considered one of the most significant directions of livestock breeding both worldwide and in the Republic of Armenia. Various types of antibiotic drugs are used in animal husbandry, particularly in pig breeding, to promote animal growth and development. The current challenge in agriculture is antibiotic resistance, which can be caused by improper use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. In the study, 50 biological samples (feces samples) of 50 pigs were collected from three regions in the Republic of Armenia. We found Salmonella spp. in 6 (12.0 %) of 50 pig samples studied by us and in 41 (82.0 %) bacteria belonging to E-coli groups was detected. The detected bacteria belonging to the Salmonella group showed absolute 100 % resistance to 7 out of 16 antibiotics. The detected E. coli bacteria showed 100 % resistance to 7 out of 16 antibiotic types. When carrying out antibiotic treatment against salmonellosis and colibacteriosis diseases in pigs, The results of the research should be taken into account and the use of antibiotics of this type should be excluded.

The study was conducted on Holstein cows, which were imported from Germany and kept in the “smart” barnyard of the “Pepi Agro” farm at the Armavir Marz of the Republic of Armenia. According to the results, during the first lactation, 5827 kg of milk was yielded, fat and protein contents in milk were 3.82 and 3.27 %, live weight was 535 kg, and milk yield was 10.9 with the average milk flow rate of 2.37 kg/min. According to the 1990 appraisal, these cows exceeded the standards of the Holstein breed in terms of milk yield, fat, and protein content, as well as live weight. However, their milk yield was lower than the mothers bred in Germany by 2933 kg or 50 %. We propose to continue the importation of Holstein cows and their further breeding in “smart” farming conditions in the Republic of Armenia.

In comparison with other infectious diseases of dogs, parvovirus enteritis is quite common. The infection is periodically detected in animals in veterinary clinics. Observations have shown that unvaccinated puppies of 3-4 months are more often admitted to the clinic with parvovirus enteritis. In contrast to the 70 % rate indicated in the literature, the mortality rate among sick dogs reaches 50 to 93.3 %. Parvovirus enteritis can be treated with specific immune serums alongside symptomatic and pathogenetic therapies which increases the treatment efficiency up to 25 %. Additionally the combined use of immune serums and dexamethasone along with the described preparations – up to 50 %, which indicates the need for long-lasting use of glucocorticoids to increase adaptive functions of the body in dogs with parvovirus enteritis.

Using research findings, it was determined that each strain exhibits distinct morphological, biochemical, and tinctorial attributes that are intrinsic to its particular classification. Remarkably, the API test proficiently categorized the subtypes of these strains, achieving an exceptional precision rate of up to 99.8 %. The following strains of microbes have been isolated during this study: E. coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus spp., and Proteus mirabilis. The results of analyses conducted through the discօ diffusion technique reveal a diverse spectrum of antibiotic resistance profiles among the multiple strains isolated from poultry, encompassing 28 antibiotics originating from Italy. The acquired data are of significant scientific and pragmatic value. This underlines the need for specific emphasis on strains manifesting pathogenic traits, particularly those demonstrating multidrug resistance involving three or more distinct antibiotics. The importance of understanding and managing antibiotic resistance in avian microbial populations is underscored by this imperative.

In recent years, in Armenia, meat has become more important than other food-producing directions of sheep breeding, which is due not only to lower costs and the demand for the domestic market but also to the export of many sheep from the republic. Consequently, foreign breeds of mutton, such as Dorper, Hisar, Romanov, Blanch Central Massif, etc., began to be imported and bred in Armenia due to their profitability. On October 20, 2021, Blanche sheep from the Central Massif was imported to the Balahovit ANAU experimental farm. A sheep was mated with a female weighing 80 % of the live weight of an adult queen, about 45-50 kg, and a male weighing 80-85 kg. There was an average or above-average fat level in the animals. Live weight, the amount of feed needed, the level of feed intake, the ability to adapt to weather conditions and reproductive performance were studied. Methods used in animal husbandry were used in the studies. When the animals were moved, they lost about 2.6 % of their weight during the initial period. However, it was restored within a short time. Females gained 365 g in March 2022, and males gained 450 g, which is an excellent indicator. A kilogram of weight gain costs 5.15 EFU. The pregnancy rate was 136 %, and the inter-calving period was 271-320 days, which made it possible to provide three births in two years.

In this article, we present the course and results of scientific research aimed at calculation of the concentration of somatic cells in cow's milk to detect subclinical mastitis in individual farms of the Republic of Armenia. Comparison of somatic cell concentrations in milk from healthy and sick cows with subclinical mastitis, analysis and comparison of blood morphological parameters in sick and healthy animals has been implemented and the relationship between somatic cell concentration in milk and morphological abnormalities in sick cow blood has been identified. SC concentrations between 300 and 500 thousand/ml are indicative of mastitis risk. In this case, the type of reaction manifested was positive. It was found that the viscosity of the investigated solution "Somatic plus" + milk increases in proportion to the increasing concentration of somatic cells in the milk sample, which indicates subclinical mastitis. A study of the morphological parameters of blood in healthy and subclinical mastitis animals revealed some deviations from the reference values of blood parameters, leading to the conclusion that these changes in animals' blood are related to an increase in the number of milk's somatic cells. Increased leukocytes were found in sick animals' blood. This was followed by an increase in stab neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and ESR. As a result of all this, the body is experiencing inflammatory processes mobilizing its defensive mechanisms against pathogens.